![]() In this context, several nasal sprays have already been brought to the market to aid limiting respiratory infections or allergic reactions 8, 9. In this regard, blocking the virus at the entry site where mucociliary clearance and local immune mechanisms are defective or have reached their limits could represent an efficient approach to deal with high virus loads. Rising concerns over the appearance of new variants harboring mutations in the viral spike protein, which may provide some form of immune escape from the acquired immunity, call for the implementation of multiple, complementary strategies to control the pandemic 6, 7. However, this strategy was faced by substantial challenges in achieving high vaccination rates within a population, and by heterogeneity in vaccine response 5. However, during the course of disease, cells of the lower respiratory track can also get infected, which may lead to the development of severe pneumonia and systemic disease 5.ĭue to limited therapeutic options, the main strategy against the pandemic is based on the systemic immunization with vaccines. Moreover, co-expression of the ACE2, TMPRSS2 receptors and furin, which are key actors for an efficient cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 for infection, has been demonstrated in the ciliated nasal cells as well as some intestinal cells 4. This is supported by the fact that high virus loads were measured in nasopharyngal swabs soon after symptoms onset 3. SARS-CoV-2 is an airborne viral pathogen and the upper respiratory tract and specifically the nasopharynx are considered as the very first target sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection 2. The recent emergence of human-pathogenic variants with a high potential that can lead to a global pandemic, exemplified by SARS-CoV-2, is a serious warning for the medical community and new strains and variants will likely continue to emerge in the future 1. ![]() Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome, which cause respiratory or gastrointestinal diseases in birds and mammals.
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